Cycles: Replace object index hack with actual checks for SD_TRANSFORM_APPLIED

Using ones complement for detecting if transform has been applied was confusing
and led to several bugs. With this proper checks are made.

Also added a few transforms where they were missing, mostly affecting baking
and displacement when `P` is used in the shader (previously `P` was in the
wrong space for these shaders)

Also removed `TIME_INVALID` as this may have resulted in incorrect
transforms in some cases.

Reviewed By: brecht

Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D2192

intern/cycles/kernel/shaders/node_output_displacement.osl

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 displacement node_output_displacement(float Displacement = 0.0)
 {
-	P += N * Displacement * 0.1;  /* todo: get rid of this factor */
+	vector dP = normalize(transform("object", N));
+	dP *= Displacement * 0.1; /* todo: get rid of this factor */
+	P += transform("object", "world", dP);
 }