For details see the "Extending the Disney BRDF to a BSDF with Integrated
Subsurface Scattering" paper.
We split the diffuse BSDF into a lambertian and retro-reflection component.
The retro-reflection component is always handled as a BSDF, while the
lambertian component can be replaced by a BSSRDF.
For the BSSRDF case, we compute Fresnel separately at the entry and exit
points, which may have different normals. As the scattering radius decreases
this converges to the BSDF case.
A downside is that this increases noise for subsurface scattering in the
Principled BSDF, due to some samples going to the retro-reflection component.
However the previous logic (also in 2.93) was simple wrong, using a
non-sensical view direction vector at the exit point. We use an importance
sampling weight estimate for the retro-reflection to try to better balance
samples between the BSDF and BSSRDF.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D12801
There is not enough time before the release to improve Random Walk to handle
all cases this was used for, so restore it for now.
Since there is no more path splitting in cycles-x, this can increase noise in
non-flat areas for the sample number of samples, though fewer rays will be traced
also. This is fundamentally a trade-off we made in the new design and why Random
Walk is a better fit. However the importance resampling we do now does help to
reduce noise.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D12800
Fixes:{T91064}
Caused by {rBcd118c5581f482afc8554ff88b5b6f3b552b1682}
- Applies `ensure_valid_reflection()` to the normal input on all BSDFs for CPU and GPU.
- This doesn't affect hair.
- Removes `ensure_valid_reflection()` from the output of Bump Map and Normal Map nodes for CPU/GPU as it is not needed.
- The fix doesn't touch OSL.
Reviewed By: brecht, leesonw
Maniphest Tasks: T91064
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D12403
This includes much improved GPU rendering performance, viewport interactivity,
new shadow catcher, revamped sampling settings, subsurface scattering anisotropy,
new GPU volume sampling, improved PMJ sampling pattern, and more.
Some features have also been removed or changed, breaking backwards compatibility.
Including the removal of the OpenCL backend, for which alternatives are under
development.
Release notes and code docs:
https://wiki.blender.org/wiki/Reference/Release_Notes/3.0/Cycleshttps://wiki.blender.org/wiki/Source/Render/Cycles
Credits:
* Sergey Sharybin
* Brecht Van Lommel
* Patrick Mours (OptiX backend)
* Christophe Hery (subsurface scattering anisotropy)
* William Leeson (PMJ sampling pattern)
* Alaska (various fixes and tweaks)
* Thomas Dinges (various fixes)
For the full commit history, see the cycles-x branch. This squashes together
all the changes since intermediate changes would often fail building or tests.
Ref T87839, T87837, T87836
Fixes T90734, T89353, T80267, T80267, T77185, T69800
Solves an error in the principled diffuse BSDF, where it was not correctly
rejecting directions outside the hemisphere.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D12283
Offset rays from the flat surface to match where they would be for a smooth
surface as specified by the normals. In the shading panel there is now a
Shading Offset (existing option) and Geometry Offset (new).
The Geometry Offset works as follows:
* 0: disabled
* 0.001: only terminated triangles (normal points to the light, geometry
doesn't) are affected
* 0.1 (default): triangles at grazing angles are affected, and the effect
fades out
* 1: all triangles are affected
Limitations:
* The artifact is still visible in some cases, it could be that some quads
require to be treated specifically as quads.
* Inconsistent normals cause artifacts.
* If small objects cast shadows to a big low poly surface, the shadows can
appear to be in a wrong place - because the surface moved slightly above
the geometry. This can be noticed only at grazing angles to light.
* Approximated surfaces of two non-intersecting low-poly objects can overlap
that causes off-the-wall shadows.
Generally, using one or a few levels of subdivision can get rid of artifacts
faster than before.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D11065
Was causing calculation issues later on in the kernel.
This change catches the most obvious case: missing attribute. The old
code was trying to set tangent to 0, but because it was transformed as
a normal it got converted to non-finite value. This change makes it so
that no transform is involved and 0 is written directly to the SVM
stack.
To cover all cases it will require using safe_normalize() in this node
and in the normal transform function. This is more involved change from
performance point of view, would be nice to verify whether we really want
to go this route.
I've left asserts in the BSDF allocation functions. Don't have strong
connection to them, but think they are handy and are not different from
having an assert in the path radiance checks.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D11235
It is possible that BSDF allocation will advance pointer in the
allocation "pool" but will return null pointer if the weight is
too small.
One artist-measurable issue this change fixes is random issues
with denoising: normal pass for denoising could have accessed
non-initialized normal of a closure.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D11230
Also removing the curve system manager which only stored a few curve intersection
settings. These are all changes towards making shape and subdivision settings
per-object instead of per-scene, but there is more work to do here.
Ref T73778
Depends on D8013
Maniphest Tasks: T73778
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D8014
This keeps render results compatible for combined CPU + GPU rendering.
Peformance and quality primitives is quite different than before. There
are now two options:
* Rounded Ribbon: render hair as flat ribbon with (fake) rounded normals, for
fast rendering. Hair curves are subdivided with a fixed number of user
specified subdivisions.
This gives relatively good results, especially when used with the Principled
Hair BSDF and hair viewed from a typical distance. There are artifacts when
viewed closed up, though this was also the case with all previous primitives
(but different ones).
* 3D Curve: render hair as 3D curve, for accurate results when viewing hair
close up. This automatically subdivides the curve until it is smooth.
This gives higher quality than any of the previous primitives, but does come
at a performance cost and is somewhat slower than our previous Thick curves.
The main problem here is performance. For CPU and OpenCL rendering performance
seems usually quite close or better for similar quality results.
However for CUDA and Optix, performance of 3D curve intersection is problematic,
with e.g. 1.45x longer render time in Koro (though there is no equivalent quality
and rounded ribbons seem fine for that scene). Any help or ideas to optimize this
are welcome.
Ref T73778
Depends on D8012
Maniphest Tasks: T73778
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D8013
A new user parameter can be used to shift the shadow terminator
towards the light source. With it, one can hide some of the
artifacts that appear on coarse meshes with smooth shading.
Note that this technique is not engery conserving.
This is based on the work by the Appleseed renderer team.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D7634
Since the sampling and evaluation functions handle both cases anyways,
there's not really a point for keeping the distinction in the kernel,
so we might as well cut down the number of CLOSURE_BSDF_MICROFACETs a bit.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D7736
Similar to the Microfacet Closures, the Principled BSDF Sheen closure is
added at a high weight but typically results in fairly low values.
Therefore, the default weight is a bad indicator of importance.
The fix here is the same as it was back then for Microfacets:
Compute an average weight using the normal as the half-vector
and use it to scale down the sample weight and the albedo channel.
In addition to drastically improving denoising of materials with
sheen when using the new Denoising node, this also can reduce noise
on such materials considerably.
The Principled BSDF uses Microfacet closures that include a fresnel term,
which are a special case since their weight tends to be near white even
if their average contribution is fairly low.
The sample weight is scaled by the average fresnel weight to account for
this, but the denoising albedo still used the unscaled weight.
This was fine for the original denoiser, but apparently OIDN can't handle
the resulting albedo pass well. Therefore, this commit adds the described
scaling to the albedo pass contribution as well.
This problem was described in T69770.
Reviewed By: brecht
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D6289
This patch allows the Voronoi node to operate in 1D, 2D, and 4D space.
It also adds a Randomness input to control the randomness of the texture.
Additionally, it adds three new modes of operation:
- Smooth F1: A smooth version of F1 Voronoi with no discontinuities.
- Distance To Edge: Returns the distance to the edges of the cells.
- N-Sphere Radius: Returns the radius of the n-sphere inscribed in
the cells. In other words, it is half the distance between the
closest feature point and the feature point closest to it.
And it removes the following three modes of operation:
- F3.
- F4.
- Cracks.
The Distance metric is now called Euclidean, and it computes the actual
euclidean distance as opposed to the old method of computing the squared
euclidean distance.
This breaks backward compatibility in many ways, including the base case.
Reviewers: brecht, JacquesLucke
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D5743
This avoids artifacts for bump mapping and diffuse BSDFs, where the bump
normal deviates far from the actual normal.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D5399
Before there were two options: Paste to original layer called "Paste" and Paste to active layer called "Paste & Merge"
Now, by default the paste is in active layer and the "Paste & Merge" has been renamed "Paste".
For old "Paste", now is called "Paste by Layer" and it's not the default value anymore.
Note: Minor edits to add icons not present in Differential revision.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D5591
This is a physically-based, easy-to-use shader for rendering hair and fur,
with controls for melanin, roughness and randomization.
Based on the paper "A Practical and Controllable Hair and Fur Model for
Production Path Tracing".
Implemented by Leonardo E. Segovia and Lukas Stockner, part of Google
Summer of Code 2018.
There is one legit place in the code where memcpy was used as an
optimization trick. Was needed for older version of GCC, but now
it should be re-evaluated and checked if it still helps to have
that trick.
In other places it's somewhat lazy programming to zero out all
object members. That is absolutely unsafe, at the moment when
less trivial class is used as a member in that object things
will break.
Other cases were using memcpy into an object which comes from
an external library. We don't control that object, and we can
not guarantee it will always be safe for such memory tricks
and debugging bugs caused by such low level access is far fun.
Ideally we need to use more proper C++, but needs to be done with
big care, including benchmarks of each change, For now do
annoying but simple cast to void*.
Roughness baking previously defaulted to 1.0 for all diffuse materials,
now we also bake roughness values of Oren-Nayer and Principled Diffuse.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D3115
We now continue transparent paths after diffuse/glossy/transmission/volume
bounces are exceeded. This avoids unexpected boundaries in volumes with
transparent boundaries. It is also required for MIS to work correctly with
transparent surfaces, as we also continue through these in shadow rays.
The main visible changes is that volumes will now be lit by the background
even at volume bounces 0, same as surfaces.
Fixes T53914 and T54103.
It is basically brute force volume scattering within the mesh, but part
of the SSS code for faster performance. The main difference with actual
volume scattering is that we assume the boundaries are diffuse and that
all lighting is coming through this boundary from outside the volume.
This gives much more accurate results for thin features and low density.
Some challenges remain however:
* Significantly more noisy than BSSRDF. Adding Dwivedi sampling may help
here, but it's unclear still how much it helps in real world cases.
* Due to this being a volumetric method, geometry like eyes or mouth can
darken the skin on the outside. We may be able to reduce this effect,
or users can compensate for it by reducing the scattering radius in
such areas.
* Sharp corners are quite bright. This matches actual volume rendering
and results in some other renderers, but maybe not so much real world
objects.
Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D3054
